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The field size (along with the specific amount of perspective distortion) greatly affects the narrative power of a shot. This is because of a psychological term called closure that refers to the human brain seeking complete perception of the subject.
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Therefore, filmmakers utilize the following shot types because the brain understands that the body continues beneath what it sees in the frame. When the frame cuts off the subject at these positions, it looks unnatural. When shooting video or film with human subjects, it is best to avoid cutting off human subjects with the bottom of the frame at the natural cut-off points (joints, neck). Thus, it's more common in photography and cinematography to determine an image's field size by only changing one out of the two factors. The famous dolly zoom, taken with a variable focal length lens, is a vivid, intuitive demonstration of this effect. However, maintaining an identical field size at varying camera-subject distances and focal lengths must be handled with caution as it applies different amounts of perspective distortion to the image: wide-angle lenses expand a perspective, while long focus lenses compress a perspective.
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Field size differs from framing in that within professional environments where prime lenses are dominant, the latter applies only to camera placement (including camera angle), not focal length. The same field size can be achieved at varied camera-subject distances by using a lens with a compensating focal length, and at varied focal lengths by choosing a compensating camera-subject distance.
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For in-depth information behind the laws of optics regarding the influence that focal length and different formats have on field sizes, see 35 mm equivalent focal length, crop factor, image sensor format, and Digital photography: Sensor size and angle of view. The same angle of view always gives the same field size at the same camera-subject distance no matter what format you're using, but the same focal length does not.
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Note that the shorter a lens's focal length, the wider its angle of view (the 'angle' in wide-angle lens, for instance, which is "how much you see"), so the same idea can also be expressed as that the lens's angle of view plus camera-subject distance is the camera's field of view.Ĭaution: In this context, the focal length value differs with each film gauge and CCD size for optical reasons, but the angle of view is the same for any of them, so it's easier comparing the angle of view with lenses for different formats than their focal lengths. The field size explains how much of the subject and its surrounding area is visible within the camera's field of view, and is determined by two factors: the distance of the subject from the camera ("camera-subject distance") and the focal length of the lens. Shots can be categorized in a number of ways. That is, a cameraman would "shoot" film the way someone would "shoot" bullets from a machine gun. The term "shot" is derived from the early days of film production when cameras were hand-cranked, and operated similarly to the hand-cranked machine guns of the time.